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Both the 13C and the 14C urea breath tests detect Helicobacter pylori by measuring labeled carbon dioxide in the patient's breath. They work in the same way, but they differ in safety, practicality and, in some settings, accuracy. Overall, the 13C test is the preferred choice.
| 13C urea breath test | 14C urea breath test | |
|---|---|---|
| Type of isotope | Stable and non-radioactive. | Radioactive, with a very low dose. |
| Children and pregnancy | Considered safe, and can be repeated on the same patient. | Generally avoided in pregnancy and in young children. |
| Accuracy | In a 2024 meta-analysis, the best dose gave 98.9% sensitivity and 99.1% specificity. | Results depend on the dose and the counting method. At 5 µCi, specificity was 93.4%. With liquid scintillation counting, it was 87.2%. |
| Handling and licence | No radioactive material, so no special licence or waste handling. | Needs a licence for radioactive material, and careful handling and disposal. |
| Measurement | Infrared or mass spectrometry analyzer. | Scintillation counter. |
| Cost | The analyzer costs more. | Usually cheaper and simpler. |
| Collect at one lab, read at another | Yes. The breath samples are stable at room temperature and ship as ordinary samples. | No. The 14C breath card should not be sent from one lab to another, because the 14C test works with colour indicators, and the colour changes with time. |
Collecting at one lab and reading at another
Many small laboratories and clinics collect the breath samples and send them to a central laboratory for reading. The 13C test is much better suited to this:
Main advantages of the 13C test:
Limitations of the 14C test:
Both tests are accurate when done correctly. For either test, antibiotics (4 weeks), acid-reducing medicines (2 weeks) and bismuth can cause a false negative, so follow the preparation steps. The studies reviewed differed in methods, so figures vary. This is general information; always follow your doctor's and the test kit's instructions.
The urea breath test is a safe, non-invasive way to detect Helicobacter pylori. Correct preparation matters, because some medicines and food can cause a false negative result. Please follow these steps:
Do not stop any prescribed medicine without asking the doctor first. This is general information; always follow your doctor's and the test kit's instructions.
A crossmatch checks that the donor's red cells are compatible with the patient's blood before a transfusion. It can be done by the manual tube method or with a gel card system (column agglutination). Both are accepted methods, but the gel card system has important advantages in daily laboratory work.
| Manual (tube) method | Gel card system | |
|---|---|---|
| How it works | Cells and serum are mixed in a tube, then washed and tested with AHG by hand. | Cells and serum react in a ready-made gel column. A spin separates agglutinated cells from free cells. |
| Reading the result | By eye, tube by tube. Depends on the technologist's shaking and grading. | By eye or an analyzer, with a clear, stable result. |
| Sensitivity | Good, but lower for weak antibodies. | Higher. In one study it detected anti-D at 1:8192 versus 1:2048 for tubes. |
| Standardization | Varies between technologists and workloads. | Standardized reagents and steps, so results are more consistent. |
| Time and steps | Several washes and an AHG step, about 30 minutes at 37°C plus extra steps. | No washing. About 15 minutes at 37°C plus a short spin. |
| Sample and reagents | Separate reagents are prepared for each test. | Small volumes. The reagents are already in the card. |
| Re-checking | The result fades, so it cannot be re-read later. | The result stays stable, so it can be checked again. |
Main advantages of the gel card system:
Gel cards cost more per test than tubes, and some cold antibodies that react at room temperature need a tube test or a special card. Your laboratory should choose the method based on its transfusion service needs.
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Urea breath tests and analyzers for detecting H. pylori infection.
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The C13 Urea Breath Test Analyzer is a safe, non-invasive, and radiation-free device used to detect Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in the stomach. It provides accurate and reliable results and is suitable for adults, children, and pregnant women when clinically indicated.
📄 13C Urea Breath Test – PDF ▶ Operation instruction-Video
The C14 Urea Breath Test Analyzer is a non-invasive diagnostic device used to detect Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in the stomach. It measures carbon-14 (¹⁴C) radioactivity in exhaled breath to provide accurate and reliable results without endoscopy.
📄 14C Urea Breath Test – PDF ▶ Operation instruction-Video
The Gel Card System is a laboratory diagnostic system used for blood grouping (ABO and Rh), antibody screening, and crossmatching before blood transfusion. It uses gel column agglutination technology to provide accurate, reliable, and standardized results for safe blood transfusion.
📄 Gel Card System – PDFNo products found.
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DRGNo products found.
The C13 Urea Breath Test Analyzer is a safe, non-invasive, and radiation-free device used to detect Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in the stomach. It provides accurate and reliable results and is suitable for adults, children, and pregnant women when clinically indicated.
📄 13C Urea Breath Test – PDF ▶ Operation instruction-Video
The C14 Urea Breath Test Analyzer is a non-invasive diagnostic device used to detect Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in the stomach. It measures carbon-14 (¹⁴C) radioactivity in exhaled breath to provide accurate and reliable results without endoscopy.
📄 14C Urea Breath Test – PDF ▶ Operation instruction-VideoNo products found.
